“Evaluation of Evidence Uptake” Infographic
(to determine the effectiveness of the implementation of the practice change)
(Text only)

Four Basic Types of Evaluation

Formative Evaluation

Formative evaluation is conducted before program initiation—the goal is to determine whether the intervention is feasible, appropriate, and meaningful for the target population.

Impact Evaluation

Impact evaluation assesses the extent to which program objectives are being met and may reflect changes in knowledge, attitudes, behavior, or other intermediate outcomes.

Process Evaluation

• Process evaluation assesses the way a program is being implemented, rather than the effectiveness of that program.

Outcome Evaluation

Outcome evaluation provides long-term feedback on changes in health status, morbidity, mortality, or quality of life that can be attributed to the intervention.

Outcome Evaluation

Patient Level

• Measurements of Actual Change in Health Status
  • Pain, depression, mortality, quality of life
• Surrogate Measures
  • Patient compliance, length of stay, patient attitudes

Health Practitioner Level

• Measurements of Actual Change in Health Practice
  • Compliance with guidelines, changes in prescribing rates
• Surrogate Measures
  • Health practitioner knowledge and attitudes

Organizational or Process Level

• Measurements of Change in the Health System
  • Waiting lists, change in policy, costs, and usability and/or/extent of the intervention

Data Collection Methods for Outcome Measures

• Medical record audit
• Healthcare practitioner survey/questionnaire/interview
• Patient survey/questionnaire/interview
• Computerized databases
• Case Studies
• Lob books/department records/admissions register
• Practitioner progress notes
• Patient data via clinical examination, results of blood tests, video/audio taping of consultations